HTML Part 7

Create Line Breaks - The <br /> Element: 

Whenever you use the <br /> element, anything following it starts on the next line. This tag is an example of an empty element, where you do not need opening and closing tags, as there is nothing to go in between them.
Note: The <br /> element has a space between the characters br and the forward slash. If you omit this space, older browsers will have trouble rendering the line break, while if you miss the forward slash character and just use <br> it is not valid XHTML
Example:
Hello<br />
You come most carefully upon your hour.<br />
Thanks<br />
 Mahnaz

This will produce following result:

Hello  
You come most carefully upon your hour.  
Thanks  
Mahnaz

Centring Content - The <center> Element: 

You can use <center> tag to put any content in the center of the page or any table cell.

Example:
<p>This is not in the center.</p>
<center> <p>This is in the center.</p> </center>

This will produce following result:

This is not in the center. 

This is in the center. 

Nonbreaking Spaces: 

Suppose you were to use the phrase "12 Angry Men." Here you would not want a browser to split the "12" and "Angry" across two lines:
A good example of this technique appears in the movie "12 Angry Men."
In cases where you do not want the client browser to break text, you should use a nonbreaking space entity (&nbsp;) instead of a normal space. For example, when coding the "12 Angry Men" paragraph, you would use something similar to the following code:
<p>A good example of this technique appears in the movie "12&nbsp;Angry&nbsp;Men."</p>

Soft Hyphens: 

Occasionally, you will want to allow a browser to hyphenate long words to better justify a paragraph. For example, consider the following code and its resulting output.
<p style="text-align: justify;"> The morbid fear of the number 13, or triskaidekaphobia, has plagued some important historic figures like Mahamiya and Nanao.</p>
In cases where you want a client browser to be able to hyphenate a word if necessary, use the soft hyphen entity (&shy;) to specify where a word should be hyphenated. So above example should be written as follows:
<p style="text-align: justify;"> Example for soft hyphen - The morbid fear of the number 13, or tri&shy;skai&shy;deka&shy;phobia, has plagued some important historic figures like Mahamiya and Nanao.</p>

This will produce following result:

Example for soft hyphen - The morbid fear of the number 13, or triskaidekaphobia, has plagued some important historic figures like Mahamiya and Nanao.
NOTE: This may notwork with some web browsers.

Preserve Formatting - The <pre> Element: 

Sometimes you want your text to follow the exact format of how it is written in the HTML document. In those cases, you can use the preformatted tag (<pre>).
Any text between the opening <pre> tag and the closing </pre> tag will preserve the formatting of the source document.

<pre>
 function testFunction( strText ){   
 alert (strText) 
} 
</pre> 

This will produce following result:

function testFunction( strText ){  
 alert (strText)
}

Presentational Tags:

If you use a word processor, you are familiar with the ability to make text bold, italicized, or underlined; these are just three of the ten options available to indicate how text can appear in HTML and XHTML.

Bold Text - The <b> Element:

Anything that appears in a <b>...</b> element is displayed in bold, like the word bold here:

<p>The following word uses a <b>bold</b> typeface.</p>

This will produce following result:

The following word uses a bold typeface.

Italic Text - The <i> Element: 

Anything that appears in a <i>...</i> element is displayed in italicized, like the word italicized here:

<p>The following word uses a <i>italicized</i> typeface.</p>

This will produce following result:

The following word uses a italicized typeface.

Underlined Text - The <u> Element: 

Anything that appears in a <u>...</u> element is displayed with underline, like the word underlined here:

<p>The following word uses a <u>underlined</u> typeface.</p>

This will produce following result:

The following word uses a underlined typeface.